2)+History

 I. the consolidation years

 •  Quantitative consolidation  –  marked by the establishment of fundamentals such as universal primary education

 •   Succeeded by qualitative consolidation  –  marked by the establishment of policies such as compulsory bilingualism, from 1966, in response to political and ethnic pressures

 II. the re-engineering years

 •  1979 to 1987

 •  Problems of the relative ineffectiveness of the bilingual approach arises

 •  The question of educational wastage also was also raised

 •  Subsequently dealt with

 III. the ability-driven years

 •  1988 to 2002

 •  Key idea of greater autonomy  –  the establishment of Independent Schools being the major expression of this idea  •  The educational landscape underwent a major transition

 –  publication of the Report of the Junior College/Upper Secondary Review Committee in 2002.

<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; msofareastfontfamily: Arial; msolist: Ignore;"> IV. the diversification years

<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msolist: Ignore;"> •  2003 to now

<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msolist: Ignore;"> •  The scope of human talent development was widened <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msolist: Ignore;"> –  Sports Schools, Arts Schools

<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msolist: Ignore;"> •  Alternatives to the existing standardized examinations